Ayo Secu

MacOS Security1. Gotofail Error (SSL Vulnerability)What It IsA critical bug in Apple’s SSL/TLS implementation (CVE-2014-1266) discovered in 2014, affecting MacOS and iOS.It was caused by a simple coding error, specifically a redundant goto fail statement in Apple’s SecureTransport library.How It WorkedThe bug bypassed SSL/TLS verification, allowing attackers to intercept encrypted traffic (e.g.,..

Linux/Unix Security1. SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux)What It IsA Linux kernel security module that provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to enforce strict security policies.Key FeaturesLabels and PoliciesEvery file, process, and resource has a security context (e.g., user_u:role_r:type_t).Enforcing ModesEnforcing: Policies are applied, and violations are blocked.Permissive: Violations are lo..

Windows Security Topics1. Windows Registry and Group PolicyWindows RegistryA hierarchical database storing low-level settings for the operating system, applications, and services.Common Forensic UsesTrack user activities: Timestamps, installed programs, USB connections.Configuration changes: Startup programs (HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run).Group PolicyA centralized managemen..

Local DatabasesLocal databases are lightweight databases stored on devices, such as phones or desktops, and are often used by applications for managing and storing structured data. A common example is SQLite, a popular choice for storing user data in apps due to its simplicity and efficiency.1. SQLite in Messaging AppsWhy SQLite?Lightweight: No server setup required, perfect for local storage.Ef..

Remote Code Execution (RCE)Remote Code Execution (RCE) is a critical security vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a remote machine, typically with the privileges of the exploited application or service. Once RCE is achieved, attackers often escalate their privileges or establish persistent access by getting a shell on the target system.1. How RCE WorksRCE exploits ..

Directory TraversalDirectory traversal, also known as path traversal, is a type of security vulnerability where an attacker manipulates file paths to access files and directories outside the intended scope of the application. If exploited, it can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files, source code, or system configurations.1. How Directory Traversal WorksPath ManipulationApplications tha..

Buffer OverflowA buffer overflow is a type of vulnerability that occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer (a temporary storage area in memory) than it can hold. This excess data can overwrite adjacent memory locations, leading to unpredictable behavior, including crashes, data corruption, or execution of malicious code.1. How Buffer Overflows WorkBufferA buffer is a contiguous block of..

Privilege Escalation Techniques and PreventionPrivilege escalation is a process where an attacker gains elevated access or permissions on a system, typically moving from a lower privilege level (e.g., user) to a higher one (e.g., administrator or root). Privilege escalation exploits are a critical step in many attack chains and can lead to full system compromise.1. Types of Privilege Escalationa..