Ayo Secu

Compiler Security FeaturesModern compilers incorporate various security features to mitigate vulnerabilities during the software development process. One notable feature is their ability to detect and handle buffer overruns at compile time or runtime, which are common vulnerabilities exploited in attacks like stack smashing or heap corruption.1. Buffer Overrun VulnerabilitiesDefinition: A buffer..

Code SigningCode signing is a cryptographic process that ensures the authenticity and integrity of software by digitally signing it with a certificate issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). It provides assurance that the code comes from a verified publisher and has not been tampered with after it was signed.1. Purpose of Code SigningAuthenticity: Verifies the identity of the software pu..

Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)The Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) is a fundamental security concept that involves granting users, applications, and processes the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. By limiting privileges, PoLP reduces the attack surface and minimizes the potential impact of security vulnerabilities.1. Key Features of PoLPMinimal Access: Assign only ..

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) is a security technique used to randomize the memory address space of a program during runtime, making it more difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific instructions or data. ASLR is a key defense mechanism against memory-based attacks, such as buffer overflows and return-oriented programming (RO..

Data Execution Prevention (DEP)Data Execution Prevention (DEP) is a security feature implemented in modern operating systems to prevent malicious code from executing in certain areas of memory that should only contain non-executable data. It serves as a protection mechanism against common exploits, such as buffer overflow attacks.1. How DEP WorksExecutable vs. Non-Executable MemoryDEP marks cert..

PatchingPatching refers to the process of applying updates to software, firmware, or systems to fix known vulnerabilities, improve functionality, or enhance security. Patches are crucial for maintaining a secure and stable IT environment, as they address weaknesses that attackers could exploit.1. What is a Patch?Definition: A patch is a piece of code provided by software vendors or developers to..

MacOS Security1. Gotofail Error (SSL Vulnerability)What It IsA critical bug in Apple’s SSL/TLS implementation (CVE-2014-1266) discovered in 2014, affecting MacOS and iOS.It was caused by a simple coding error, specifically a redundant goto fail statement in Apple’s SecureTransport library.How It WorkedThe bug bypassed SSL/TLS verification, allowing attackers to intercept encrypted traffic (e.g.,..

Linux/Unix Security1. SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux)What It IsA Linux kernel security module that provides Mandatory Access Control (MAC) to enforce strict security policies.Key FeaturesLabels and PoliciesEvery file, process, and resource has a security context (e.g., user_u:role_r:type_t).Enforcing ModesEnforcing: Policies are applied, and violations are blocked.Permissive: Violations are lo..