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DiscoveryIn the discovery phase of an attack, attackers gather information about the compromised environment to understand its layout, identify high-value assets, and locate other systems they may wish to target. Discovery is essential for planning lateral movement and for gaining the context needed to elevate privileges or execute further attacks. Common discovery tactics include network scanni..

Credential AccessIn the credential access phase of an attack, attackers attempt to steal or obtain credentials (such as usernames, passwords, tokens, and other authentication secrets) that provide access to systems, services, and sensitive information. Access to credentials enables attackers to move laterally within a network, escalate privileges, and maintain persistence. Here’s a breakdown of ..

Defense EvasionIn the defense evasion phase, attackers use techniques to avoid detection, hide their presence, and maintain control over a compromised system. These tactics allow them to bypass security mechanisms, avoid forensic analysis, and prolong their access within the target environment. Key methods of defense evasion include disabling detection software, reverting VM/cloud instances, and..

Privilege EscalationIn the privilege escalation phase, attackers elevate their permissions within a compromised system, gaining higher-level access that allows them to control more resources and execute more damaging actions. Privilege escalation (often shortened to PrivEsc) is essential for attackers to bypass access restrictions, reach sensitive data, or maintain control over a network. Some p..

PersistenceIn the persistence phase of an attack, attackers establish methods to maintain access to a compromised system, even after reboots, log-offs, or security measures. Persistence techniques ensure that attackers can resume control without needing to re-exploit vulnerabilities, helping them stay in the system for extended periods. Here are some common persistence methods, including creatin..

ExecutionIn the execution phase of an attack, the attacker runs malicious code on a system to achieve their objectives, which may include establishing persistence, gaining privileges, or preparing for lateral movement. Execution techniques range from using various shells and interpreters to leveraging scheduled tasks or system management tools like WMI on Windows systems.1. Shells & Interpreters..

Initial AccessInitial access is the phase in which attackers first gain unauthorized entry into a target environment. This stage sets the foundation for further exploitation and persistence within the system. Attackers use a variety of methods to achieve initial access, including phishing, hardware placements, supply chain compromise, and exploiting public-facing applications.1. PhishingDefiniti..

Resource DevelopmentIn the attack structure, resource development is a preparatory phase where attackers gather or create the tools, infrastructure, and credentials needed for an attack. This phase equips attackers with the resources necessary to initiate and sustain their operation. Here’s a look at specific tactics within resource development, including getting infrastructure, building malware..

ReconnaissanceIn the attack structure, reconnaissance is the initial stage where attackers gather information about a target to plan their approach. This stage is crucial, as it helps attackers understand the target’s systems, personnel, and potential vulnerabilities without directly interacting with the systems. Here’s a closer look at reconnaissance and some specific methods like OSINT, Google..

MITRE ATT&CK FrameworkThe MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) Framework is a comprehensive knowledge base that categorizes the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by attackers throughout the lifecycle of a cyberattack. Developed by MITRE Corporation, ATT&CK helps cybersecurity professionals understand and defend against adversarial behavior by mapping..